Nós da House & Design somos apaixonados por arquitetura e construção. Essa paixão vinda de muitos anos é compartilhada com muita gente e a arquitetura é uma das maravilhas que podemos observar no mundo todo, com características especiais de cada cultura. Por isso que desta vez resolvemos fazer este artigo mostrando 10 obras da arquitetura famosas no Brasil e no Mundo.
Um post como esse serve para mostrar um pouco de como a arquitetura reflete a cultura e o modo de viver de um povo, uma nacionalidade.
Quando viajamos para qualquer lugar no mundo percebemos que cada um deles tem construções diferentes, estruturas de vidas diferentes e elas são refletidas em museus, igrejas e outros edifícios construídos na localidade.
Antropologicamente falando, isso faz parte de como vivemos e serve como ensinamento sobre a história humana.
Podemos ver isso em obras clássicas como as das Sete Maravilhas do Mundo Moderno, que atraem a atenção dos turistas que desejam registrar em suas fotografias nestes locais marcantes da história.
Ficou interessado no tema? Confira em nosso artigo especial que vai trazer 10 obras de arquitetura famosas no Brasil e no Mundo.
A arquitetura na história: entendendo a humanidade
A história da arquitetura tem tempo similar a da história da humanidade. Conforme as civilizações se desenvolveram, novos métodos foram criados e materiais novos foram utilizados, diferenciando os modelos de construção e técnicas ao redor do mundo.
O que antes era feito pensando apenas em moradia e sobrevivência, com o passar do tempo foram feitas obras com o objetivo de impactar quem passa pelas ruas e proporcionar mais conforto para quem usufrui do local.
Isso vem desde os tempos das cavernas, onde os humanos utilizavam-se deste método construtivo para sobrevivência e influenciou os humanos no passar do tempo.
Com o desenvolvimento da arquitetura e do urbanismo, o que vemos hoje são modernos arranha-céus e construções sustentáveis de diversos tipos.
Mas quais construções e obras da arquitetura podemos destacar?
As 10 obras da arquitetura famosas no Brasil e no Mundo
1 – Museu do Amanhã – Rio de Janeiro
O Museu do Amanhã está localizado na cidade de Rio de Janeiro, no Brasil. Projeto do arquiteto espanhol Santiago Calatrava, o prédio foi erguido ao lado da Praça Mauá, na zona portuária da cidade, fazendo parte do processo de revitalização da área. A obra teve o custo total de cerca de 230 milhões de reais e foi inaugurada em dezembro de 2015.
O complexo tem cerca 30 mil metros quadrados, com jardins, espelhos d’água, ciclovia e área de lazer, sendo que o prédio tem 15 mil metros quadrados e arquitetura sustentável, baseada nos elementos da natureza. O projeto aproveita os recursos naturais do local – como, por exemplo, a água da Baía de Guanabara, utilizada na climatização do interior do museu e reutilizada no espelho d’água. As bromélias do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro inspiraram o arquiteto ao projetar o edifício.
2 – Ópera de Sydney – Austrália
A Ópera de Sydney também é considerada uma das obras de arquitetura mais famosas do mundo. Seu design foi bastante inovador para o século XX e ainda impressiona quem passa no local.
Ela foi projetada por Jorn Utzon. O edifício é composto de três conchas interligadas que servem de cobertura para as salas de espetáculos, além de outras. Ela é símbolo da nação australiana, mesmo depois de mais de 40 anos de sua construção.
3 – Instituto Inhotim – Minas Gerais
O Instituto Inhotim possui um dos acervos de arte contemporânea mais completos do Brasil e é considerado o maior museu a céu aberto do mundo. Ele fica em Brumadinho-MG, apenas 60 quilômetros de Belo Horizonte.
Ele foi construído dentro do domínio da Mata Atlântica, com pontos de cerrado nos topos das serras. Com isso, sua altitude varia entre 700 e 1.300 metros acima do nível do mar, com área total de 786,06 hectares.
Sua importância para a arquitetura é aliar obras de arte às construções do local, que valorizam a sustentabilidade e o meio ambiente.
4 – Templo de Lótus – Índia
Este é um dos templos religiosos mais belos do mundo. Projetado pelo arquiteto Fariborz Sahba, trata-se de um templo erguido por uma religião monoteísta chamada de Fé bahá’í, que prega a união espiritual.
Ele tem uma sala central com nove acessos, simbolizando a possibilidade da junção harmoniosa de pessoas de diferentes crenças com o propósito da paz.
5 – Hotel Unique – São Paulo
Projetado pelo arquiteto Ruy Ohtake, a construção modernista é um hotel de luxo fica a 10 minutos do Parque Ibirapuera, em São Paulo. O hotel conta com piscina externa na cobertura, deck e restaurante com vista para a cidade, além de um bar sofisticado no lobby. Outras comodidades incluem SPA e piscina coberta aquecida.
A arquitetura possui uma estrutura inédita em forma de arco invertido, marcada pelo desenho de janelas circulares. A construção fica suspensa do solo, apoiada parcialmente nas extremidades em duas empenas de concreto de 50 cm de espessura, além de oito pilares distribuídos dentro do volume, este protegido por uma fachada de vidro.
6 – Museu Guggenheim – Espanha
Este museu fica localizado na cidade de Bilbao, na Espanha. O projeto do edifício escultural é de Frank Gehry e foi pensado como um desafio para a lógica e, acima de tudo, para a gravidade.
Ele tem algumas estruturas que se assemelham a folhas, que são feitas em metal, estas aplicadas em sua fachada remetendo a uma grande embarcação ancorada no Rio Nervión. Sua estrutura disruptiva e desconstrutivista é um dos destaques, atraindo visitantes do mundo todo.
7 – Teatro Amazonas – Amazonas
Essa construção de 1986 merece destaque em nossa lista. Com um visual imponente, o Teatro Amazonas é um dos principais teatros brasileiros e é o cartão postal da capital amazonense.
A obra tem é feita com base no estilo renascentista em sua estrutura externa, ele tem detalhes especiais na sua cúpula, tornando-se um dos principais monumentos culturais do Brasil.
Ela ainda representa um forte contexto histórico, visto que no momento de sua construção a cidade passava pelo ciclo da borracha.
8 – Casa da Cascata – EUA
Também conhecida como a Casa da Cascata, esta construção foi projetada por Frank Lloyd Wright. Esta maravilha fica na região de Laourel Highlands e é considerada patrimônio histórico dos EUA. Ela ficou famosa por suas amplas estruturas em balanço, uma inovação para a época em que foi construída, em 1939.
Ela possui um estilo de arquitetura orgânica, provando que o natural e o artificial podem ser aliados e ter uma composição harmônica.
9 – Elevador Lacerda – Salvador
Esta construção faz parte do sistema de transporte público da cidade de Salvador, na Bahia. Foi inaugurado em 1873, e teve sua obra concluída em 1930. O Elevador Lacerda tem 72 metros de altura e faz o transporte de pessoas entre a Cidade Alta e a Cidade Baixa da antiga capital do Brasil.
Do alto se tem uma visão panorâmica de um dos principais pontos turísticos da Cidade, a Baía de Todos os Santos. A construção também alia uma estrutura fixada na pedra e outra mais a frente, que desce até à Cidade Baixa.
10 – Biblioteca Nacional Mariano Moreno – Argentina
É neste local que fica a Biblioteca Nacional da Argentina. Ela foi construída depois de um concurso vencido por Clorindo Testa e cia, no ano de 1961. No entanto, ela só foi finalizada (não por completo) em 1991.
Este importante edifício fica localizado no mesmo terreno onde antigamente estava a Residência Presidencial de Perón, demolida pelos militares na ocasião da derrota do antigo presidente argentino.
Em termos arquitetônicos, a sala de leitura fica situada no pavimento mais alto do edifício, dando a quem esteja no local uma vista completa da cidade e do Rio da Prata.
Quer saber mais sobre arquitetura? Conheça nosso blog!
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